Monday, 30 January 2017

Prologue and first chapter of my current project: a novel about the Flemish and Tuscan Renaissance


PROLOGUE:

SIENA, REPUBLIC OF SIENA, 1393




The soft Sienese breeze caressed people’s faces as they walked under the sunny sky crowned by the majestic bell tower of Santa Maria Assunta.

At a humble house close by, a child was being born into the turbulence of late mediaeval times. When Gabriello Bucelli opened his big hazel eyes to the world for the first time, he was not yet aware of what sort of tumultuous, fluctuating world he was arriving to. The soul behind those vivacious eyes would contemplate the glow of an unprecedented Golden age, an era unlike anything humanity had seen before.

A young woman held the infant in her chubby arms and lifted him towards his exhausted mother, so that she could give a glance at him at last.

‘He resembles your husband, Madelena, but his eyes hide the same spark as yours do.’

She handed the child over to his mother as she regarded the scene with nascent affection. The mother took him in her arms and held him close to her hard-beating chest.

‘His name shall be Gabriello. Gabriello Bucelli.’ She pronounced the name with delight.

Mrs. Bucelli asked the girl to call for her husband. After only a few seconds, the man entered the room nervously, yet quietly, taking very slow steps. As this was his first child, he was extremely thrilled and did not know what to expect. His inquiring eyes tried to spot the boy with a slight dose of fear.

‘Look, my beloved.’ She smiled at her husband with pride on her lips.


The second Mr. Bucelli held his primogenitus in his arms, he sensed that something incredible was awaiting to unravel before him. 



CHAPTER ONE:
BRUGES, COUNTY OF FLANDERS, 1419 


The Bridge, Anna Althea Hills


Pieter, the old merchant, and his son Jan were unloading the many boxes of silk cloth they had brought all the way from the faraway Republic of Venice. The arduous trip from Venice to Flanders took two weeks by land and even more, a good three weeks, by sea, which was the option they felt obliged to take in order to carry as much material as possible in their ship. Nevertheless, the journey was very worthy of their effort, for the fabrics made in Venice and Florence were the richest, most luxurious a man could find. They sold very well in Flanders, where many gentry class men and workshop owners anxiously wanted to get their hands on some of the finest Mediterranean linen to be able to commission impressive tapestries to local weavers for their manors and châteaux.

Not much further from there, a patrician was sitting behind his mahogany table and talking to the director of a renowned weaving workshop in Bruges.

‘Of course, Sir, I am sure we can manage to have it ready by September. It will look very elegant in your chamber, Sir. You shall be happy with it.’

‘Great, great,’ muttered his superior. ‘And make sure to create the design as close to my wishes as you can. I want a perfect tapestry for my grand salon.

‘Naturally, Sir Everaert. Naturally. We always try our best; that is why we have such a good reputation in Bruges.’

‘I indeed did hear your name praised many times, so I have high expectations of you.’

‘You will not be disappointed, Sir,' said the meester in a humble tone.

The rich man rose from the table and said goodbye to the labourer with a gesture, followed by an amicable and satisfied shaking of hands.

This was the way in which artistic matters were held in Flanders. One could smell the worshipping for art in the air, like an intoxicatingly flagrant perfume. Art had become a passionate madness to gentry-class Flemings, which, duly, had turned out to be a blessing to all those talented young artists who could find joy and recognition at last.

* * *

The girl in the blue gown looked up from the book she was reading, suddenly distracted by her childhood memories. She remembered how her dream had always been to live in the busy, creative and picturesque city of Bruges, where, as she had learnt from her brother, artistic life shone at its best. It was there in the charming Bruges where the most famous geniuses of the time met, created, worked and lived. Patronage, workshops, art trade and sale bloomed like nowhere else in Europe.

Her mind wandered off to the reminiscences she had of her brother when they both still were in that age in which they started learning the beautiful art of painting together, and they still absorbed every single piece of knowledge they heard of as if it were the most precious in the world. Childhood was certainly filled with outstanding moments of astonishment and admiration. Childhood had been, for those young aspiring artists, a period of self-discovery and reassurance. 

‘Margareta!,’ yelled her brother impatiently. ‘Margareta! Father says we can’t be late to our lesson!’

The siblings Van Eyck took regular classes on the most distinguished subjects: Rhetoric, Grammar, Poetry, History and Philosophy with a special emphasis on the classics, thus all the siblings had knowledge of Latin and Ancient Greek and had read the classical literature from the Ancient world. What excited them the most, though, were the painting lessons their father gave them. The Van Eyck family was of gentry class, and it showed in the importance they put in educating their children in the most well-respected disciplines of the time.

Their father originally came from a noble family in Brabant, particularly in the village of Hertogenbosch. He had been educated in the art of painting, so he tried his best to pass that knowledge onto his sons Hubert, Jan and Lambert, and even his daughter Margareta.

The mother, who came from a Mosan family, had been long married to Meneer Van Eyck. She also supported her children’s interest in the fine arts, especially because her husband had transmitted such passion to her through the many years they had spent together.

Their eldest son, Hubert, had already been appointed to serve as an apprentice to a patron chosen by the family, one of the most reputed painters of the Bishopric of Liège. They had plans for their other children to get a formal education in that art as well.

All of them were equally excited about the prospect, but Margareta, the only female, was the one who put more effort in her daily lessons, since she could not wait to succeed and be commissioned to paint for the greatest personalities in Europe. She and Jan, though, had the highest competition going on, as they loved to challenge each other and accept new dares from one another. They took the competition so seriously that they often enjoyed completing a work between the two of them in order to see who could make a better job with the same shared objective and under the very same conditions.

Margareta sighed deeply, taking a lock of her golden red hair off her soft facial features. The childhood she had lived with her brothers would always play a special role in the formation of her personality and realisation of who she was but, although grown-up life consisted of much more arduous moments, she could do nothing but to be proud of what she had achieved and the path which she was following. Settled in Bruges, many future prospects were awaiting to be found, and she was aware of that.

She closed her eyes, breathed deeply and stopped to feel the growing warmness in her hard-beating heart. This feeling of hotness extended to the rest of her chest when she thought about how she was finally fulfilling her dreams, her purpose in life, her mission. She could feel that she had been born for a reason and, at last, at her almost five-and-twenty years of age, saw clearly what it was. She would live for her art, for the marvellous magic of painting, and take that aim to its fullest even if she was of female gender. It would certainly not be easy for her, but she had the skills, the strength and the genius. She had to liberate out of her mind the visions of the world that she had; she had to share with ordinary people the wonderful images that her mind could capture. She, as an artist, saw reality in another dimension. She was able to perceive and transform images, colours, light, landscapes and stories into her mind. Hers was a world of constant dreams and creations, where nothing mattered more than her visions, what she felt was the truth of what was hereafter. Most people were limited to see reality as a constant of hard labour, bad harvests, hunger, illness and death. However, God had blessed her with a special sense, a burning passion in her chest that assured her that all this magnificence created by the most powerful force in the Universe could not be in vain.

A pat on the back took her back to reality.

‘What concerns you, dear? We have a lot of work to do today. Meester Van Eyck will return before the evening to see how far we’ve gone with the project,’ said Cornelia, her friend and one of the very few women working at the Van Eyck workshop.

‘I know, Cornelia; I’ll come back in a minute. I was just reading one of my brother’s books about art techniques, looking for a piece of useful advice.’

‘You are so lucky you can read,’ sighed her friend dreamily, in an admiring and disappointed tone at the same time. ‘I wish I could, too. Those books Meester owns look gorgeous. Besides,’ continued the young girl after a brief pause, ‘if I did, my father could arrange a higher marriage for me.’

‘You must not fret about that, Cornelia. You are a beautiful and smart young woman. I am sure you’ll make a good marriage soon and, if you don’t, you still have plenty of things to thank God for. You are strong and intelligent, I wish you could see that.’

Cornelia lowered her head, looking at the floor.

‘It’s just,’ said she as she shook her shoulders gently, ‘I am already one-and-twenty years of age. Soon I’ll be too old for any worthy man to marry me.’

She looked up again with a pout on her lips. She directed her cold blue gaze to her friend, and Margareta looked back into her eyes deeply, displaying a warm smile. Cornelia forced a friendly expression and, consequently, she burst into laughter. Margareta laughed too and the two young ladies melted into a fond, affectionate hug. 

‘Everything will work out for you, Cornelia, I’m sure of it. All you have to do is to follow your heart, for it is guided by God.’

* * *

Back in the harbour of Bruges, the young meester Jan van Eyck walked by the water, thinking about the new pigments he had acquired that day. Before going back to his workshop, where his apprentices would surely be waiting for him, he wanted to take a look at the insignificant, daily-life conversations between the merchants and art traders in the harbour. The tiniest situation could be immense prime material for the artist, who got inspiration from real life personalities in order to make his creations as real as possible and break with the unrealistic techniques of painting that contemporary society seemed to be satisfied with. He knew that most painters among his wide circle of acquaintances did not regard realism as a matter of importance, but he wanted to portray his inner world as if it were the real world everyone else could see, hence making it touchable, perceptible or, in other words, able to bring real feelings to the viewer and ensnare the human senses.

Ten minutes passed by and he started to walk towards his workshop, established at a corner of a narrow, old street in the centre of Bruges, not far from the canals. Having spent a day away from his creative mission, he was impatient to see how the work on the new commission was being taken care of without his presence.


Copyright: Text by Sophie-Marie Galliard. Note that I, the author, do not own the images displayed above.

Friday, 27 January 2017

The Groeningemuseum in Bruges: A Short Review


The Groeningemuseum is at present one of the best places to admire Flemish Primitive paintings. Set in Bruges, the most visited city in Belgium after its capital, Brussels, the Groeningemuseum owns the most important works by Flemish Primitives in Flanders since the closure of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp for renovation in 2011.


Hidden at a narrow street in the historical city centre of Bruges, the Groeningemuseum is a treasure waiting to be found. A small, beautifully decorated door is the threshold to a lovely garden which contains sculptures and other items of artistic interest before the entrance to the museum per se. Once one gets inside the gates of the museum and enters the art exhibition, the first two paintings one can admire belong to the great artist Jan Van Eyck. Those who have enjoyed the Ghent Altarpiece – also known as The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb – will be delighted to see these other magnificent works by the artist. The first one is the impressive Madonna with Canon Van der Paele and the second one is the Portrait of Margaret Van Eyck, which provides the viewer with information about the painter’s life, for the woman in it was his wife. Besides his two original works, the Groeningemuseum also owns a late sixteenth-century copy of an Eyckian painting that is now lost: Portrait of Christ, which is thought to have been painted originally in 1440.







After this brilliant beginning, one gets to a few rooms dedicated to other greatly renowned Flemish Primitives such as Hans Memling, Hugo Van der Goes and Gerard David that will not disappoint the visitor. Some of the most coveted jewels of the collection are the Triptych of the Moreel Family by Hans Memling; Annunciation and Adoration of the Christ-Child by Petrus Christus (who is known to have been Van Eyck's apprentice); The Last Judgement by Hieronymus Bosch; and, lastly, Garden of Eden by Jacob de Backer.


Petrus Christus, Annunciation and Adoration of the
Christ-Child
(1452)

Hans Memling, Triptych of the Moreel Family (1484)

At the end of the highlight that is the Flemish Primitive painting section, the museum also presents some relevant Belgian works from the 17th century to the present, with an emphasis on Neoclassicism, Flemish Expressionism and post-war modern art. Nevertheless, the Renaissance and Baroque sections are nearly as precious. Frequently, there are also temporary exhibitions on display, often about photography or twentieth-century Modernist artists, not only from Flanders but also from Brussels and the rest of the country. When it comes to the permanent collection, though, the visitor will not want to miss L'Attentat by Surrealist artist René Magritte.


René Magritte, L'Attentat (1932)

Therefore the museum is a little gem for fans of the Flemish Primitives as well as for history geeks, especially those who enjoy the periods of the Late Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance, but it will also be a fun visit for art lovers in general. However, you should bear in mind that the visit costs 8 euros, and the reduced price for students or elders is still of 6.50 euros, which can be expensive for those who just want to see the museum as one more landmark of the city.


Finally, I cannot end my review without noting the impressive shop of the musem. When it comes to decoration items and souvenirs, the shop at the Groeningemuseum is just like that of any other art gallery; by contrast, I found their selection of books truly amazing. If you are a Flemish painting lover like me, or enjoy art and history books, you will have a wonderful time browsing through their collection. Particularly, I found some very gorgeous and interesting art volumes, with useful explanations and outstanding pictures, all for a relatively good price. As a final conclusion, I would like to observe that I found this exhibition to be far more fascinating than the one at the MSK Gent (Museum of Fine Arts Ghent) so, if you only have the chance to visit one of the two, I would recommend that you choose this one. Unless you have never seen The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb in Sint-Baafskathedraal before; if such is the case, you should definitely add Ghent to your list of cities to travel to!



References:

- Charles, Victoria. Art in Europe. New York: Parkstone International, 2014.

- "Groeningemuseum." Visitbruges.be. https://www.visitbruges.be/en/groeningemuseum-groeninge-museum (Accessed 27th January 2017)

- "Groeninge museum". Vlaamseprimitieven.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be. http://vlaamseprimitieven.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be/en/sources/museum-libraries/groeninge-museum-bruges (Accessed 27th January 2017)

- "Groeninge Museum, Bruges." Web Gallery of Art. http://www.wga.hu/database/museums/groening.html (Accessed 27th January 2017)

- "Last Judgement." Vlaamseprimitieven.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be. http://vlaamseprimitieven.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be/en/collection/last-judgement-1 (Accessed 27th January 2017)



Copyright: Text by Sophie-Marie Galliard. All rights reserved. Note that I, the author, do not own any of the pictures displayed above.


Wednesday, 25 January 2017

Saint Barbara by Jan van Eyck (1437): An Unsolved Enigma

Saint Barbara, created by the Flemish painter Jan van Eyck in 1437, is one of the artist's most curious works. It is a small painting, of only 18cm x 31cm approximately, made of oil on oak panel. Nowadays, it can be found at the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp (Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen). It would be obvious to think that it is an unfinished painting, and that Van Eyck quit working on this project because of some reason. However, the Flemish artist did sign and date the painting, which makes some art historians wonder whether he could have considered it to be finished. On the frame of the painting we find the following inscription: ‘IOH[ANN]ES DE EYCK ME FECIT. 1437’, which translates as Jan van Eyck made me. 1437. Taking into account the mystery surrounding the life and work of the siblings Van Eyck (based on our lack of primary sources), it is perhaps not so striking that we lack evidence as to whether the painting is finished or not but, even so, it awakens many questions: is it a finished drawing? Or was it actually meant to be a dead colouring for a painting, therefore lying still unfinished? In fact, was it an autonomous project at all, or could it have been designed as a grisaille for an altarpiece? Was the colouring added by Van Eyck himself? If so, what reason did he have to leave it unfinished?

To begin with, it is important to pay attention to the theme and symbolism of the painting. Saint Barbara, the female figure depicted in its centre, is a Christian saint. As is often the case with saints, her legend has a few different versions and it is also said to lack historical evidence. Because of this, she was removed from the General Roman Calendar in 1969, although she remained among the list of Catholic Saints. In any case, a common version of her legend says that she was a young girl who was locked up in a tower by her father, a nobleman, in order to protect her from men. Eventually, though, her father found a man that he thought suitable for her daughter and wanted them to get married. Barbara did not like the idea and, in an attempt to change her mind, her father started letting her out of the tower during short periods of time. It was during these periods that she was baptised as a Christian. When her father found out about this, he was so enraged that he had her tortured and, afterwards, beheaded her himself. 

Van Eyck portrays Saint Barbara gazing at a prayer book. She is holding a palm branch, which symbolises immortality: through her martyrdom, she chose the eternal life. Behind her, a Gothic tower is being built. Some art historians see this as a representation of the place in which she had been confined but, because of the ongoing stage of the construction, many believe that, in fact, it represents a Gothic church and, consequently, the rise of Christianity.






The legend of Saint Barbara was a rather popular source of inspiration for fifteenth-century artists. Many other paintings of the time can be traced back to this topic, notably The Werl Altarpiece (1438) by Robert Campin and Scenes from the Life of Saint Barbara (circa 1470-1500) by the Master of the Saint Barbara Legend. However, Van Eyck gives it a rather unique focus because of the techniques and materials used and the surroundings of the image of Saint Barbara. The artist creates a building scene behind Saint Barbara which is an interpretation of his own, and the careful and detailed drawings of the labourers, according to art historian Simone Ferrari, ‘seem[s] to foreshadow the paintings of Pieter Bruegel the Elder.’ (Ferrari, 2013)

As we can see, this painting leaves nearly more questions unanswered than solved. One could argue that it is a drawing of its own, an underpainting or a grisaille. The evidence we have is unclear: there are a few reasons to support each of the three options given above. Anyhow, there are a few relevant reasons against the perhaps more obvious belief that this work is but an underpainting. Firstly, the amount of detail in it is not a common trait among dead colourings. If Van Eyck meant it as a guide for an actual painting, why was he so meticulous towards it? It is evident that Van Eyck took his work seriously. Secondly, as mentioned at the beginning of this article, the artist signed and dated the painting, which could signify that he considered his work to be completed. Both reasons are visibly true, but the conclusions we can arrive at are still impossible to validate with the information we have nowadays. Lastly, there is another fact that could be a clue to this enigma.  As stated by Till-Holger Borchert, art historian and chief curator of the Groeningemuseum in Bruges, this work was regarded as a great achievement in aesthetics during Van Eyck’s time (Borchert, 2011), which leads us to think: why would they admire an unfinished painting so much?






When it comes to modern theories on the painting, some art critics, prominently Oxford PhD Blake Gopnik, suggest that perhaps the answer lies in the conjecture that Van Eyck always meant it to be this way as a metaphor of ‘incompleteness’, since the Gothic cathedral behind Saint Barbara is also still in the process of being finished.

An art-historian friend who studied the piece with me at the Met[ropolitan Museum of Art] pointed out one detail that I think may lead us to a solution to the problem. As my friend noticed, the tower behind the saint is itself depicted in the process of being completed, since van Eyck has included workmen carving its stones on the ground and a block-and-tackle lifting them to its top.

The picture, that is, seems to be meant as a finished work that is all about – is almost an allegory for – the incomplete. And what better way for the brilliant van Eyck to convey that content than by giving his finished work itself some carefully considered aspects of unfinished-ness. Put another way, van Eyck’s panel is the best, most carefully considered, most final depiction of the essence of incompletion. (Gopnik, 2016)

Certainly Van Eyck was a groundbreaking artist and could have given his painting a symbolic meaning, but this is, for now, only an interpretation. There is no evidence that proves that Van Eyck designed this painting as homage to the ‘unfinished’ whatsoever.

Nevertheless, it is clear that this work by Jan van Eyck is innovative in Flemish painting for many reasons. First of all, his treatment of Saint Barbara and her surroundings differs from most of the other depictions of the saint during Van Eyck’s time. She was frequently accompanied by the same attributes that she holds in this painting: a prayer book and a palm branch, but the overall concept of the painting is a whole different story. Van Eyck’s detail, symbolism and possible abstract meaning prove, once more, that Jan van Eyck was indisputably one of the geniuses of his time. Even if, for the present time, we can but wonder at the ‘unfinished-ness’ of this painting, perhaps art historians will stumble upon new clues in the near future.

For a more detailed view of the painting, visitLukas - Art in Flanders. http://www.lukasweb.be/en/photo/saint-barbara-0 




References:


- Borchert, Till-Holger. Van Eyck to Dürer: The Influence of Early Netherlandish Painting on European Art, 1430-1530. London: Thames & Hudson, 2011.


- Borchert, Till-Holger. "Collecting Early Netherlandish Paintings in Europe and the United States." Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/20229890/Collecting_Early_Netherlandish_Paintings_in_Europe_and_the_United_States (Accessed 24th January 2017)

- Borchert, Till-Holger. "Color Lapidum: A survey of Late Medieval Grisaille." Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/14953055/Color_Lapidum_A_survey_of_Late_Medieval_Grisaille (Accessed 24th January 2017) 

- Borchert, Till-Holger. "Some Eyckian drawings and miniatures in the context of the (Rotterdam) Drawing." Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/21051485/Some_Eyckian_drawings_and_miniatures_in_the_context_of_the_Rotterdam_Drawing (Accessed 24th January 2017)

- Borchert, Till-Holger. "Van Eyck and the Invention of Oil Painting. Artistic Merits in their literary mirror." Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/20229798/Van_Eyck_and_the_Invention_of_Oil_Painting._Artistic_Merits_in_their_literary_mirror (Accessed 24th January 2017)

- Borchert, Till-Holger. "Jan van Eyck." Vlaamseprimitieven.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be http://vlaamseprimitieven.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be/en/biography/jan-van-eyck  (Accessed 23rd January 2017)



- Ferrari, Simone. Van Eyck. Munich: Prestel, 2013.



- Gopnik, Blake. "Jan van Eyck's Monument to the Unfinished." Artnet News. https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/jan-van-eyck-metropolitan-museum-unfinished-503306 (Accessed 23rd January 2017) 

- Janson, Jonathan. " 'Dead coloring' or Underpainting." Essentialvermeer.com. http://www.essentialvermeer.com/technique/technique_underpainting.html#.WIYe-fldUao (Accessed 23rd January 2017)


- Marechal, Dominique. “Museum of the Basilica of the Holy Blood.” Vlaamseprimitieven.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be.



- “Saint Barbara.” KMSKA.be. (Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen.) http://www.kmska.be/en/collectie/highlights/Heilige_Barbara.html?_language=en (Accessed 23rd January 2017) 


- “Saint Barbara.” Lukasweb.be. (Lukas – Art in Flanders.http://www.lukasweb.be/en/photo/saint-barbara-0 (Accessed 23rd January 2017) 


- “Saint Barbara.” Vlaamseprimitieven.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be.

http://vlaamseprimitieven.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be/en/collection/saint-barbara (Accessed 23rd January 2017)

 



Copyright: Original article by Sophie-Marie Galliard. All rights reserved. Note that I, the author, do not own any of the pictures; I took them from the sources cited above, especially Lukasweb.be and Oceansbridge.com.


Sunday, 22 January 2017

Breve ensayo sobre El Lector de Bernhard Schlink

El Lector es una novela escrita por el autor alemán Bernhard Schlink, publicada el año 1995. Su título original, Der Vorleser, tiene una connotación que es imposible de traducir a otros idiomas: “Der Vorleser” expresa el acto que realiza el protagonista de leer delante de alguien.

El libro narra la historia de Michael Berg, un chico adolescente que mantiene una relación pasional prematura con una mujer adulta, Hanna, posteriormente acusada de un crimen nazi. La novela prosigue con el relato de cómo Michael, por entonces estudiante de Derecho, se ve involucrado y afectado por este traumático hecho cuando le mandan asistir, a modo de seminario, al juicio de la mujer a la que amó.


Ésta es una novela que trata varios temas esenciales de la naturaleza humana, como son el amor, el sexo, la empatía, la culpa, la compasión, la responsabilidad, la justicia y la literatura. El primer punto de gran relevancia es el tipo de relación que mantienen Michael y Hanna. Es una relación en la cual ella domina, guarda secretos y provoca sentimientos de culpa en el joven Michael. Antes de hacer el amor, Hanna le pide que le lea clásicos de la literatura. Este ritual tiene un importante significado que más tarde Michael descubrirá. La relación termina cuando Hanna se marcha inesperadamente, dejando al protagonista creyéndose culpable. Hanna marca el listón de todos los amores posteriores de Michael.




Hanna es juzgada, y el juicio plantea una serie de preguntas. ¿Es justo que unas pocas mujeres sean juzgadas y se les cargue la culpa de un país entero? Realmente se busca inculpar a alguien para que parezca que se lucha contra los crímenes nazi, pero es una mera cuestión de hipocresía y presión mediática basada en hechos verídicos. 


Durante el juicio descubrimos que Hanna es analfabeta. El autor da vueltas al hecho de que Hanna tenga tal obsesión por ocultar su analfabetismo que prefiera declararse culpable de haber escrito un informe nazi a admitir su incapacidad. Michael comprende por qué ella le hacía leer, y la literatura es enfocada como elemento esencial del conocimiento. La lectura nos hace críticos, sabios y libres de tomar elecciones en la vida. Por eso Hanna, analfabeta, había sido incapaz de tomar una decisión en la situación por la cual la juzgan. Sólo quiere cumplir la orden que le han encomendado y no tiene criterio. Sin embargo, Hanna es inocente de lo que la condenan, ya que no escribió ese documento y, no obstante, es encarcelada.


Hanna se siente inferior al resto por el hecho de no saber leer ni escribir pero, durante sus años en la cárcel, aprende a hacerlo. Eso le abre los ojos y lee libros sobre el holocausto. Habiéndose instruido, entiende su culpa moral.

El libro y la película difieren, principalmente, en el suicidio de Hanna. En el libro es debido al hecho de que ha comprendido su culpa, mientras que en la película no lo ha hecho, y parece que es a causa de la relación con Michael. Cabe mencionar que, aunque con pequeñas diferencias, ambos terminan con el final alcanzando el principio.



Referencias: 

  • Schlink, Bernhard. Der Vorleser. Zúrich: Diogenes, 2003. 
  • Schlink, Bernhard. El Lector. Barcelona: Anagrama, 2000. 
  • Schlink, Bernhard. The Reader. London: Orion Publishing Co, 2003.

Copyright: Textos inéditos de Sophie-Marie Galliard. Fotografías: cubierta del libro Der Vorleser de Bernhard Schlink  e imágenes de la película The Reader (2008), ninguna de ellas propediad de la escritora Sophie-Marie Galliard.


Friday, 20 January 2017

Welcome

Welcome to my personal writing blog!



I have been wanting to create a blog for a while, because writing happens to be a very lonely hobby and sometimes it feels good to share your words with others. However, I have never had a blog before, so I am not exactly sure what to expect from this experience, or what you can expect from my blog at all! My intention is posting some fragments of the novels, short stories and poems I am working on, as well as expressing my experiences as a writer, sharing with you my special moments and also uploading, once in a while, some of my articles or academic essays on literature and history.

Feedback would be very much appreciated! Do not be afraid of giving your opinion and, if you are reading this, I hope you enjoy my literary work.

Love,

Sophie-Marie


N.b.: I do not own the image in this post. Credits to www.blueforest.com.